Why Sleep Is Essential For Your Body

Adequate sleep is essential for the repair, growth, and functional balance of the musculoskeletal system, directly driving muscle protein synthesis, bone strengthening, and injury prevention.

Key Functions of Sleep for the Musculoskeletal System

• Muscle Repair and Growth: During deep slow-wave (N3) sleep, the brain releases growth hormone, which stimulates tissue healing, protein synthesis, and the repair of microscopic tears caused by exercise.

• Bone Strengthening: Growth hormone and hormonal feedback loops active during deep sleep also regulate bone metabolism and density, helping to prevent structural weakness.

• Inflammation and Pain Control: Poor or restricted sleep increases systemic inflammatory markers and lowers the body's pain threshold, worsening chronic musculoskeletal conditions like osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia.

• Neuromuscular Control and Injury Prevention: Sleep deprivation reduces proprioception, or the ability to sense where it is in space (the body's awake) - affecting balance, flexibility and strength.

Working Out Over The Holidays

Holiday fitness is crucial for managing stress, boosting energy, supporting your immune system, and maintaining mental well-being amidst festive chaos, helping you avoid the "all or nothing" trap by keeping momentum, allowing guilt-free enjoyment of treats, and preventing detraining for a healthier start to the New Year. 

Key Benefits of Holiday Fitness:

• Stress Relief & Mood Boost: Exercise releases endorphins, acting as natural mood lifters and helping you cope with holiday pressures, anxiety, and seasonal blues (SAD).

• Energy & Sleep: Physical activity generates more energy and improves sleep quality, combating holiday fatigue from late nights and busy schedules.

• Weight & Metabolism Management: The average American gains 1-2 pounds over the holidays. Exercise helps burn extra calories from rich foods, boosts metabolism, and supports weight maintenance, so you can enjoy treats without guilt.

• Immune System Support: Staying active fortifies your immune system, reducing your risk of catching winter illnesses.

• Maintains Momentum: Consistency, even in short bursts, prevents momentum loss, making it easier to hit goals in January.

• Self-Care & Routine: Workouts provide valuable "me time" and anchor your routine, building mental resilience and reinforcing commitment to yourself. 

How to Stay Active:

• Focus on Consistency: Short, frequent movement is better than infrequent, perfect workouts.

• Mix it Up: Combine cardio, strength training (don't skip it!), and mindfulness (yoga).

• Make it Social: Incorporate active family traditions or workouts with friends.

• Flexibility is Key: Don't aim for perfection; adapt to your schedule. 

Crutches? How Do I Use Them?

Basic Walking (Partial Weight-Bearing)

1. Starting Stance: Hold crutches a few inches in front and to the sides of your feet. 

2. Move Crutches: Move both crutches forward about 12 inches. 

3. Step with Injured Leg: Move your injured leg forward, placing your foot between the crutches, bearing only allowed weight. 

4. Step with Strong Leg: Swing your strong leg forward, past the crutches, to complete the step. 

5. Repeat: Look forward, not down, and repeat the sequence. 

Non-Weight-Bearing (Injured leg stays off floor) 

1. Starting Stance: Crutches forward, about 12 inches out.

2. Swing Through: Lean forward, push down on handgrips (not armpits), and hop your strong leg forward past the crutches.

3. Regain Balance: Land on your strong foot and move crutches forward for the next hop. 

Going Up Stairs (with handrail)

1. Position:

   Handrail with one hand, one crutch with the other. Strong leg on the step below.

2. Step Up:

   Step up with your strong leg, then bring the injured leg and crutch up together. 

Going Down Stairs (with handrail)

1. Position:

   Handrail with one hand, one crutch with the other. Injured leg on the step below.

2. Step Down:

   Lower the crutch and injured leg to the step below first, then bring your strong leg down. 

Important Tips

• Fit: Pads should be 2-3 finger-widths below your armpits when standing. 

• Weight: Always put weight through your hands/grips, not your armpits, to avoid nerve damage. 

• Posture: Keep your head up and look forward. 

• Turning: Turn by moving the crutches in the direction you want to go, then pivot with your strong foot. 

Blogs : SPRING INTO SUMMER PAIN-FREE

What bothers you? click here to reques advice

Spring is coming to a close in the next month, and with that comes a new season. Summer is a time for bike rides, long walks, traveling, hiking and camping. But before all the outdoor activities can commence, what better way to make sure everything starts off without a hitch and a pesky injury popping up, then by seeing your physical therapist for a check up to get things squared away!

With the days becoming nicer and the sun staying around longer, it's natural to want to spend as much time outside as possible. Oftentimes, you find yourself becoming more active. Which for some people, is a change of pace from a typical day indoors due to the weather and time of year. Switching from sedentary to active can be a wake up call for your body and sometimes, can bring to surface some underlying injuries you didn't know you had. Whether it’s a shoulder injury, low back pain, ankle or even hip, all can stay hidden and creep up when the body starts to get active. 

Low back, hip and ankles injuries are the common outliers when getting active and tend to get worse if not addressed promptly and accordingly. Pain or discomfort in any part of the body should be addressed.

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Some signs and symptoms of a possible injury could be:

 ANKLE/FOOT

• Pain in Achilles

• Pain under heel

• Sharp pain during running

• Achy pain after running

• Sharp pain under foot in the morning

• Tight surrounding muscles

• Decreased strength in calves

• Inflammation in bottom of foot

• Lack of mobility in big toe

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LOW BACK 

• Pain with sitting for long time

• Pain with standing for long time

• Pain laying on back

• Pain bending over

• Tight surrounding muscles

• Dull pain in spine

• Achy pain in surrounding muscles

• Muscle spasms throughout day

• Excessive low back curve

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HIP

- Pinching pain in front of hip (walk/run)

- Dull ache at night/sleeping

- Sharp pain near sit bone

- Sharp pain in hip joint

- Numbness in legs/buttocks with sitting

- Pain with running

- Pain with standing

- Pain in surrounding muscles

- Achy pain in hip at night

- Tight surrounding muscles

---

KNEE

• Achy pain with prolonged sitting

• Pain with (walk/run)

• Pain going uphill/downhill

• Pain going upstairs/downstairs

• Pain in back of knee

• Pain with squatting

• Pain in surrounding muscles

• Popping  in kneecap with movement

HEAT or ICE?

A go-to remedy people use for pain relief, next to medication, is usually ice and heat. So the question you should be asking is, “which one should I use?”. Both treatments have their advantages and disadvantages along with negative effects if not used for the right conditions.

HEAT (15-20 mins every 20-40 mins)

Should Be Used For:

• Increase Blood Circulation

• Tight Muscles

• Sore Muscles

Should Not Be Used For:

• Open Wound

• Swelling

• Acute Injury

Methods of Heat:

• Hot Pack

• Hot Tub

• Sauna/Steam Room

• Pain Free Dynamic Stretches 

• Warm Shower

ICE (15-20 mins every 2 hrs)

Should Be Used For:

• Swelling

• Decrease Blood Flow

• Decrease Inflammation

Should Not Be Used For:

• Chronic Pain

• Tight Muscles

Methods of Cold:

• Cold Pack

• Cold Plunge

Fix Low Back Pain At Home

Low Back Pain is one of the most common conditions affecting adults today. According to WHO (World Health Organization), 75%-85% of adults are experiencing some sort of LBP symptom such as pain, stiffness, or radiculopathy. The leading causes of those symptoms being improper lifting, poor posture or lack of regular exercise, with fracture, ruptured disk, or arthritis as a secondary cause.

There are a variety of ways to combatant LBP, but here’s a list of the simplest and easiest ways to do it all at home:

ALTERNATING KNEE TO CHEST

• Lie on your back with your knees bent and your feet flat on the floor. Using both hands, pull up one knee and press it toward your chest. 2. Tighten the muscles in your belly and press your spine to the floor. Hold for five seconds. Return to the starting position and repeat with the other leg. 3. Go back to the starting position. Then repeat with both legs at the same time. 4. Repeat each stretch 2 to 3 times. Do the full routine once in the morning and once in the evening if possible.

CAT-COW

• Kneel on your knees and hands. 2. Slowly arch your back, as if you're pulling your belly up toward the ceiling as you bring your head down. 3. Then slowly let your back and belly sag toward the floor as you bring your head up. 4. Go back to where you started. 5. Repeat 3 to 5 times twice a day.

LOWER BACK ROTATIONALS

• Lie on your back with your knees bent and your feet flat on the floor. 2. Keep your shoulders firmly on the floor, and slowly roll your bent knees to one side. 3.Hold for 5 to 10 seconds. Slowly go back to the starting position. 3. Repeat on the other side. 4. Repeat each stretch 2 to 3 times. Do the full routine once in the morning and once in the evening if possible.

SEATED LOW BACK ROTATIONALS

• Sit on an armless chair or on a stool. Cross your right leg over your left leg. Bracing your left elbow against the outside of your right knee, twist and stretch to the side. 1. Hold for 10 seconds. Repeat on the opposite side. 2. Do this stretch 3 to 5 times on each side twice a day.

TRANSVERSE ABDOMINAL ACTIVATIONS

• Lie on your back with your knees bent and your feet flat on the floor. 1. Tighten the muscles in your belly so that your lower back pulls up, away from the floor. 2. Hold for five seconds and then relax. Flatten your back, pulling your bellybutton toward the floor. 3. Hold for five seconds and then relax. Repeat. Start with five repetitions a day and slowly work up to 30.

Understanding ITB Syndrome & Solutions

The knee is a hinge joint, meaning its function
of movement is in one plane, in this case, the
straightening and bending of the leg. The
knee joint also has a varying list of muscles,
tendons and ligament that attach to it. One of
the largest attachments being your Iliotibial
Band: ITB. The ITBand is not a muscle but a
thick band of fibrous tissue that runs along the
outside of your leg. It starts at the hip and
extends to the outer side of the shinbone just
below the knee. Due to its length, it attaches
to other muscles along the way such as the
glute muscle: gluteus medius, hip flexor: TFL and quad muscle: vastus lateralis.

Why does it hurt?

Because the ITBand is not a muscle, it can’t really be strengthened or stretched so it’s important to improve strength and flexibility in surrounding muscles. Any deficit in those muscles could cause ITBand Syndrome. ITBS is when the IT band becomes too tight. This causes friction at the top of your hip or on the lateral side of the knee and can result in swelling and pain.

Temporary relief for ITBS includes:

• -  Foam Rolling

• -  Ice Pack

• -  Gentle Massage

• -  Standing ITB Stretch

Long term ways to fix and prevent ITBS include exercises:

• Bridge: Aim for 2 sets of 15 repetitions, 3-4 days per week. Start with bodyweight until 15-20 repetitions are easy, then consider adding weight to your hips or expiriment with more challenging variations inculding offset or single leg bridges to keep the level of difficulty high enough to stimulate muscle growth. Take 1-2 minutes between sets. Push yourself!

• Single-Leg Dead Lift: Dosing is the same as the bridges. They key? Make sure your body knows it is weak otherwise it will not get stronger! Mack sure to keep a neutral spine and use your hips to lift, not your back. Practice with NO weight to start, making sure you are eble to feel your “posterior chain” working, meaning your gluteals and hamstrings lengthening and shortening to lift your turnk. Add weight accordingly for fatigue between 12-15 reps.

• Banded 3-way: Designed for both strength and endurance. Perform 10-15 light repetitions in each direction on both legs as part of your running warm-up to activate and bring awareness to your gluteals. After your run or on a different day, use a harder band or perform more repetitions until you reach fatigue. Take several minutes and perform another round, starting with the opposote leg standing as your first set. Perform 4 x week.

You Have A Lot Of Nerve (s).

The nerves in our bodies are like cables that carry electrical impulses between your brain and the rest of your body. These impulses help you feel sensations like pain, temperature, fine touch, etc and move your muscles. Every muscle in our body is supplied by certain nerves. Disruption of these nerve paths such as impingement, injury, or severed nerve can cause issues to surrounding muscles, like numbness, tingling, no activation, sharp pain.

Upper Body Nerves:

• -  Median Nerve: Thumb opponens, wrist pronation, thumb/index, middle finger. Difficulty opening jar,

  Carpal tunnel, Repetitive use

• -  Ulnar Nerve: Pinky opponens, ulnar flexion, pinky and outer ring finger. Difficulty carrying heavy load,

  pain from punching, fall on outstretched hand

• -  Radial Nerve: Wrist extensors, triceps, lateral tricep, top of forearm. Tennis elbow, shoulder pain with

  pressing, difficulty in a push up

• -  Musculocutaneous: Biceps, radial side of forearm. Bicep tendonitis, golfers elbow, shoulder impingement

  syndrome

• -  Axillary: Deltoid, lateral arm at base of deltoid. Shoulder pain, Poor shoulder rotation

• -  Suprascapular: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus. Almost all shoulder problems, especially rotator cuff

  muscles, fall on shoulder

  Lower Body Nerves

• -  Tibial Nerve: Gastroc activation and endurance. Low back pain, ankle sprains, poor balance, hamstring

  injuries, plantar fasciitis/heel pain, lateral knee pain

• -  Peroneal Nerve: Ability to maintain neutral in calf raise, lateral lower leg strength. Low Back Pain, ankle

  instability, drop foot

• -  Sural Nerve: Lateral calf sensation. Achilles tendonitis, Recurrent ankle sprains

• -  Femoral Nerve: Psoas and quad strength. Poor squatting, medial knee pain, hip flexor pain

• -  Obturator Nerve: Adductor strength. Adductor pain or strains

• -  Saphenous Nerve: Medial thigh, knee and shin sensation. Meniscus, MCL surgery, medial ankle pain,

  bunion

• -  Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve: ITB, lateral thigh sensation. ITB pain, lateral leg pain

Do Cortisone Shots Work?

Have you ever been recommended cortisone injections to alleviate pain associated with conditions like arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, bursitis, or tendonitis? What exactly are cortisone injections, and how do they work? Cortisone injections are corticosteroids that act as fast-acting anti-inflammatories, helping to manage symptoms and prevent further damage to the joints and surrounding tissues. However, the effectiveness and duration of cortisone injections vary depending on factors such as the individual's pain level, the location and type of pain. Therefore, it is crucial to consult with your doctor to determine if you are a suitable candidate for this treatment.

The glenohumeral joint is a common place to recieve an injection

💉While cortisone offer several benefits, it's essential to consider the potential adverse effects before deciding if cortisone injections are right for you. These adverse effects may include mood changes, weight gain, increased appetite, impaired wound healing, blurred vision, high blood pressure, and nervousness, etc. Cortisone injections generally provide relief for a few weeks to months, but it is generally advised by doctors not to exceed 3-4 injections per year.

📚A research study conducted on 225 participants with frozen shoulder and examining the effects of the cortisone injections to a group that received a placebo injection. The study found significant improvements in shoulder range of motion and pain levels among those who received the injections. Specifically, participants displayed increased shoulder range of motion for a total of 24 weeks, which was the most notable benefit. While the participants' pain levels did improve significantly for the first 8 weeks with cortisone injections, the pain reduction was not significantly different compared to the group that received the placebo injections. This discrepancy may be attributed to the temporary nature of the injection's pain-reducing effects, as opposed to the longer-lasting improvements in range of motion.

Physcial Therapy Can Relieve Osteoarthritis Pain

Have you been experiencing hip pain lately? Hip osteoarthritis is a common condition that affects millions of people and can be influenced by various factors like age, BMI, genetics, and overall health. As you get older, especially after the age of 50, the prevalence of hip osteoarthritis tends to increase. The condition often presents with joint pain and stiffness, particularly in the morning upon waking, which usually lasts for about an hour. However, with movement, the synovial fluid in the joint helps to lubricate it, providing more ease of movement.

Hip osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that causes the bone to degenerate, leading to decreased density and support. It can also affect other areas of the body, such as the feet, fingers, and knees. When symptoms significantly impact daily activities, knee or hip replacements using artificial joints may be considered.

To evaluate your physical progress during therapy, there are reliable guideline tests available. These tests may include the 30-second chair test for lower extremity strength or the Berg Balance Scale. These assessments will help identify any limitations and guide improvements for better hip function.

Manual therapies, such as soft tissue massage and joint mobilizations, have shown promising results over a 6-12 week period. Focusing on specific muscles like the glutes, piriformis, iliacus, psoas, quads, and IT band can improve hip mobility by aligning the muscle fibers properly. Additionally, physical therapists can perform hip joint distraction, a technique that separates the femoral head from the acetabulum, reducing pressure on the joint and improving joint mobility at the capsular level.

Muscle Energy & Stretching Strategies For The Sacroiliac Joint!

Muscle energy techniques aim to enhance range of motion by targeting muscle contraction and progressive lengthening. Unlike regular static stretching, where you hold a position, such as touching your toes while standing to stretch your hamstrings, muscle energy techniques require the active participation of both the physical therapist and the patient. These techniques operate on the principle of reciprocal inhibition, meaning that by activating the opposing muscle, you can improve muscle length. For instance, if you have limited hamstring flexibility, contracting your quadriceps will lead to an increased range of motion in knee extension.

Research indicates that combining muscle energy techniques with other treatments, such as maitland joint mobilizations, TENS, specific exercises, interferential therapy, and trunk stabilization, can yield significant improvements in both acute and chronic low back pain. In one study, the combination of muscle energy techniques and maitland mobilization resulted in reduced low back pain and increased hip mobility after six treatments.

When using muscle energy techniques for the sacroiliac joint, it is crucial to assess whether the joint is in a posterior or anterior pelvic tilt. One technique for correcting the sacroiliac joint involves placing a foam roller between your legs. Hold the foam roller behind your knees on the side with anterior pelvic tilt and on the front portion of your opposite leg that’s in posterior pelvic tilt. Push down into the foam roller with the anterior pelvic tilt leg while simultaneously pulling up with the opposite leg. Hold this for 5 seconds and repeat 5 times. This technique can often provide significant relief within minites and reduce the feeling of uneasiness walking or lifting.

Irritating Trigger points? Knot A Problem With Physical Therapy!

Physical therapy treatments encompass a variety of manual techniques including soft tissue massage, trigger point release (TpR), muscle energy techniques, joint mobilizations, & mobilizations with movements. By incorporating a comprehensive physical therapy regimen that targets static strength, dynamic strength, mobility, and proprioception, you can enhance your functional abilities.

Soft tissue massage is a commonly used technique to promote muscle relaxation through methods such as kneading, effleurage, & petrissage etc. Have you ever experienced muscle knots? These knots, known as trigger points, often result from acute trauma or repetitive stress. One common area where people develop knots is in their upper trapezius muscle from physical & emotional stresses. Poor sitting posture can contribute to repetitive stresses if you have a desk job or spend long periods commuting in a car, you may then unknowingly adopt a forward head posture. This can lead to a condition called upper crossed syndrome, wherein the upper traps & pectoral muscles become tight while the rhomboids & deep neck flexors weaken.

Knots manifest as tight bands within your muscle fibers & can cause localized or referred pain. Referred pain refers to when a knot in one area of a muscle leads to pain in another area. For example, knots in the upper trapezius muscle can cause referred pain resembling cervicogenic headaches (Ram Horn pattern). Research has shown that TpR to the upper traps for a total of 6 minutes helped to improve cervical range of motion & pain by the 4th visit. TpR techniques alleviate pain through the pain gate theory, which involves the spinal nerves regulating which pain signals reach the brain for perception. Applying pressure to a knot, the larger nerve fibers are stimulated, thereby diminishing the pain originating from the knot itself. Additionally, this technique enhances blood & lymphatic flow to the affected muscle, reducing pain.

Decrease Pain & Increase Mobility With Muscle Energy Techniques (METs)

Muscle energy techniques aim to enhance range of motion by targeting muscle contraction and progressive lengthening. Unlike regular static stretching, where you hold a position, such as touching your toes while standing to stretch your hamstrings, muscle energy techniques require the active participation of both the physical therapist and the patient. These techniques operate on the principle of reciprocal inhibition, meaning that by activating the opposing muscle, you can improve muscle length. For instance, if you have limited hamstring flexibility, contracting your quadriceps will lead to an increased range of motion in knee extension.

Research indicates that combining muscle energy techniques with other treatments, such as maitland joint mobilizations, TENS, specific exercises, interferential therapy, and trunk stabilization, can yield significant improvements in both acute and chronic low back pain. In one study, the combination of muscle energy techniques and maitland mobilization resulted in reduced low back pain and increased hip mobility after six treatments.

When using muscle energy techniques for the sacroiliac joint, it is crucial to assess whether the joint is in a posterior or anterior pelvic tilt. One technique for correcting the sacroiliac joint involves placing a foam roller between your legs. Hold the foam roller behind your knees on the side with anterior pelvic tilt and on the front portion of your opposite leg that’s in posterior pelvic tilt. Push down into the foam roller with the anterior pelvic tilt leg while simultaneously pulling up with the opposite leg. Hold this for 5 seconds and repeat 5 times. This can help to immediately show improvement in any deviations in leg length which may help with feeling of uneasiness with walking.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - A Quiet Killer

For individuals considering total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA), it's crucial to understand the potential risks associated such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). But what exactly is DVT? As blood circulates by your arteries and veins throughout your body, limited leg movement after surgery can lead to the formation of blood clots. Symptoms of DVT may include a sensation of heaviness, pain, cramping, swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected leg. Ignoring preventive measures and remaining unaware of DVT can result in complications, as the blood clot from the deep veins in your legs can dislodge and travel to the lung's blood vessels, causing a pulmonary embolism.

Studies have shown that being sedentary for three days following TKA surgery increases D-dimer levels, a protein associated with blood clotting. On the other hand, early mobilization, such as walking, has been clinically proven to help prevent the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis. In a research study, blood samples were taken before and after TKA surgery, focusing on the D-dimer protein. It was found that individuals who started walking within one week after surgery had D-dimer levels that were 2.5 times lower than those who started walking in the second week. While results varied depending on factors like age, sex, and medical history, the overall evidence supports the inclusion of early mobilization for enhanced recovery.

Receiving guidance from a physical therapist can facilitate a smooth transition to early ambulation. They will assist you with biomechanics, strength training, range of motion exercises, and balance improvement. Ankle pumps are an additional exercise that can be beneficial. This exercise involves contracting your calf muscles to promote blood flow, especially when performed in an antigravity position. To do this, lie on your back and elevate your leg above heart level. Then, imagine that you are stepping on and off the gas pedal of a car.

Sleep For Your Spine

How many hours do you typically sleep at night? What is your sleep position? How many pillows do you use? These are just a few of the questions that a physical therapist might ask you because sleep plays a crucial role in addressing issues like lumbar, thoracic, or cervical spine pain, as well as shoulder pain. The duration of sleep can also impact your stress levels!

If you find yourself dealing with high-stress situations that affect your sleep, Anderson & Cattone PT can provide assistance with the Neubie Nufit, an electrical modality designed to train your nervous system from a parasympathetic to sympathetic. To determine if the "master reset" technique is suitable for you, your PT or PTA will conduct a test where clamps are placed around your wrist to assess your heart rate variability (HRV). This test yields objective data such as your deep sleep, which should be 21-30% of your entire sleep. A post HRV test will be performed to evaluate any improvements in your scores after a single session. Consistent use of the Neubie Nufit can lead to sustained results over time.

Now, if you are experiencing spine or shoulder pain, it could be related to your sleep habits. It is generally recommended that adults get at least 7 hours of sleep per night. During those 7 hours, your body is relatively inactive. Therefore, maintaining awkward positions for extended periods can lead to aches & pains. If you sleep on your side & experience shoulder pain, consider switching to a back-sleeping position with a pillow that doesn't excessively flex your neck (creating a chin-to-chest position). Sleeping on your back with just one pillow & placing multiple pillows under your knees helps align your cervical, thoracic, & lumbar spine in a neutral position. This neutral alignment prevents the surrounding muscles from becoming tight in the morning & can be beneficial for individuals with arthritic spines, as it minimizes painful positions for the cartilage between your vertebras.

Why Poor Posture Leads To Pain

Poor posture? How you stand plays a huge role in the function of your back because this determines the weight distribution placed on your muscles & joints. There are many forms of poor postures, like lumbar lordosis, sway back, flat back, round back, thoracic kyphosis etc. With all poor postures, it affects not only the back but also the shoulders, head, knees & ankles posture.

Poor posture is a leading source of Musculoskeletal pain

Thoracic kyphosis is the presentation of the forward head posture & rounded upper back. This can be caused by other pathologies like Scheuermann’s Disease, vertebral compression fractures, & ankylosing spondylitis. This relates to what is known as “upper crossed syndrome” with weak deep cervical neck flexors, lower traps, upper erector spinae, & rhomboids while also having tight pectorals + upper traps. The body then compensates for this with lumbar lordosis.

Lumbar lordosis is an excessive curve to your lower spine, similar to standing in a power pose with your chest up & butt back. The pelvis is in anterior pelvic tilt, causing adaptive shortening or weakening of the muscles that are supposed to support the pelvis in a neutral position. The anterior rotation pelvis is guided by increased tightness in your quadratus lumborum, erector spinae + hip flexors.

Swayback is common in women who have been pregnant. As the baby grows, the weight distribution becomes more anterior, so the hips begin the drive forward in relation to the shoulders & feet. The pelvis then tilts posterior, meaning the hamstrings + glutes are tight & the hip flexors + lower abdominals are elongated.

Because what happens at the thoracic affects the lumbar spine & vice versa, a 12-week research study has proven that implementing a strength program of the rhomboids, deep neck flexors, & the lumbopelvic muscles in combination with stretching the pecs, hamstrings/hip flexors within 3 sessions has decreased the angle of the forward head, sway back, kyphosis & lordosis to a more normal range.

Do you question your posture? “Sit-up-straight” may not be a the que cut out for you - In, fact, it could be the hidden factor to address for fixing your pain. Get a personalized postural assessment @ Anderson & Cattone P.T.

Hip Pain: Common Causes & Treatment

What Is My Hip Pain From?

It could be related to the bone, muscle, tendon, ligaments, joint structure, nerve, or bursa. The hip takes on a ton of load during our daily life, but these structures help absorb the shock & make functional activities, like walking, more comfortable for us. The hip is similar to the shoulder in that it's a "ball & socket" cushioned with a labrum that provides the joint with negative pressure to keep it from coming out of the socket with movement.

With the younger population, Legg-Calve-Perthes or Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) is more common. SCFE is impairment caused by the femoral head slipping backward on the femoral neck causing pain with activity & standing. This is typically seen in the growing years of 10-17-year-old boys. Surgery is required to help with the realignment of the ball & socket joint but physical therapy can help to safely regain the functional range of motion & strength back into the hip.

60.5% of hip pain can be correlated to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), a pain caused by abnormal bony growth from either the head of the femur (Type: CAM) or the pelvis acetabulum (Type: Pincer). Symptoms are aggravated by hip flexion movements because of the loss of free space for smooth movement as the two bones glide along one another. Symptoms can include clicking & C-sign pain. C-sign pain is making a C with your hand & wrapping that around your outer hip.

FAI surgery is an option but can be treated conservatively with physical therapy as it has a success rate ranging from 39-82%. Based on research, a few of the components of the conservative treatment provided strengthening, activity modification, movement pattern training & trunk stabilization. With a trained physical therapist, we can offer joint mobilizations to help relieve the joint from pain & a safe progression for glute strengthening. Glute strengthening has been proven to play an essential role in hip stability & alignment, minimizing unwanted force through the hip joint.

Is It Really Sciatica?

Muscle weakness, numbness, tingly, achiness, burning sensation down the leg? Sounds like “SCIATICA”. But is it really?

There are many causes such as radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathy, central stenosis etc., that can present as “Sciatica”.

The sciatic nerve consists of multiple nerves from L4-S3 so it’s responsible for the action of knee flexion, ankle plantarflexion (tiptoe), and toe flexion. It also provides sensation to the lower leg & foot.

Radiculopathy is the compression of the nerve root which exits immediately from the vertebra. Since it occurs just as it exits the spinal cord, it affects the entire nerve pathway. An example would be the most common, disc herniations which are reportedly 90% of cases.

Peripheral neuropathy is the impairment of the sciatic nerve from a peripheral structure from the spinal cord such as the piriformis muscle. This is called Piriformis Syndrome! Tightness in the muscle is caused by prolonged sitting or improper stretching post-exercise. Stretching the piriformis is easy & it can be done while you're at work or watching TV at home. PIGEON POSE! Find a counter high enough & put your leg into a figure 4 position, & lean your trunk forward for a more intense stretch in the butt region.

An at-home treatment would be nerve flossing! It's easy to do & has been clinically found to show significant improvement in pain, mobility, & disability. Lay on your bed with no pillow under your head, & with your knee straight, raise your involved leg to a height that is near your PAIN-FREE end range. In that position, try to hold your leg & add in some ankle pumps back & forth 10x for 3 sets. Rest as needed!!

Come visit us for a full assessment of your spinal mobility & muscle integrity to get a full exercise program that will help your sciatica related symptoms whether it’s caused by radiculopathy or peripheral neuropathy!

Do You Have A Sponylosis or Sponylolisthesist?

Did you recently get an X-ray, MRI, or CT scan of your spine? Did it show that there were findings of SPONDYLOSIS or SPONDYLOLISTHESIS & still wonder what that means exactly?

Well, research shows that it affects about 3-10% of the general population from repeated overload, common in athletes or jobs that require a lot of lumbar extension & rotation.

If we look at the image with the “dog-shaped structure,” spondylosis is a fracture of the neck of the dog which is the pars interarticularis of the vertebra. If untreated, it can cause spondylolisthesis, where the vertebra slips forward.

Spondylosis can overtime affect your intervertebral discs, which are the cushions between each vertebra to help absorb shock. Like a jelly donut, the disc is filled with gel that if obstructed it begins to leak, leaving the disc unable to absorb the shock & compresses spinal nerves. Spondy can also cause osteophytes (bone outgrowths) & spinal ligaments laxity, affecting your spine's mobility to either hyper & or hypomobile.

Signs & symptoms:

• Increased muscle tone and Dull ache

• Sensory & sensory impairment

• Pain with spinal extension

With physical therapy, we can help to treat your signs & symptoms!

Maitland Mobilizations: to increase mobility in the spine & surrounding joints. This will also help to avoid your muscles compensating & becoming tight. Research supports that this had the most effect for improving pain & range of motion within 4 weeks. See a physical therapist as this requires a specific technique!

Soft tissue massage: improves muscle tone for appropriate functional mobility & activation. Specifically to the quadratus lumborum & erector spinaes muscles, this will help to prevent excess lumbar extension

Strengthening program: strengthening the gluteus medius! (read the previous post about glutes importance)

Cardiovascular Health and Blood Pressure

Looking to improve your cardiovascular health? Wondering if physical therapy is right for you with a pre-existing heart condition, or looking to enter a marathon, enjoy a long bike ride with your family, or swim some laps for the summer?

The heart is the major organ that pumps oxygenated blood throughout your body to supply the organs and help filter out waste. It acts on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system which is the flight or fight, and rest + digest. These nervous systems get your heart rate up and then down with and after exercise.

Blood pressure tells us about the pressure within the arteries when the heart contracts and relaxes. The contraction phase known as “systolic pressure” is the top number, while the relaxation phase known as “diastolic pressure” is the bottom. Suppose you present in the above normal levels (table above); in that case, this alters the oxygen distribution to different organs, and can lead to an enlarged heart, coronary artery disease etc. due to narrowed arteries.

The heart can be exercised to help it’s ability to efficiently contract and pump blood through the narrowed arteries which then improves blood pressure. Research has shown that 16-week intensive cardiovascular training has helped lower both systolic and diastolic pressures by improving vascular stiffness and function.

Monitor your vitals at home:

Blood pressure: with a manual or automatic blood pressure cuff. Take it immediately before and after exercise. Immediately after exercise, the systolic number may increase by 10, but the diastolic should remain fairly constant.

Physical therapy can help set a specialized and safe plan of care in improving your cardiovascular health, while keeping other impairments in mind.